Table 2 Characteristics of patients by income level for the five different surgeries
Area-based income index (quintiles)
I highIIIIIIVV low
Coronary artery bypass grafting
    Discharges (n)14451538159416601711
    Women (%)13.616.318.519.624.3
    45–59 years (%)22.425.625.422.624.3
    75+ years (%)17.413.214.513.711.4
    Hypertension (%)21.324.224.524.825.3
    Pulmonary disease (%)2.42.02.62.63.6
    Diabetes (%)8.411.611.014.014.7
Valve replacement
    Discharges (n)469502592602605
    Women (%)47.349.853.955.157.2
    45–59 years age (%)24.328.121.825.329.1
    75+ years age (%)20.017.718.117.818.2
    Hypertension (%)8.58.69.69.811.9
    Pulmonary disease (%)2.83.64.73.75.3
    Diabetes (%)2.41.83.74.25.0
Carotid endarterectomy
    Discharges (n)840971107412261316
    Women (%)29.933.133.333.037.9
    45–59 years (%)8.08.96.68.08.4
    75+ years (%)36.032.131.031.129.7
    Hypertension (%)13.616.718.217.518.5
    Pulmonary disease (%)2.62.52.53.84.6
    Diabetes (%)6.77.58.98.78.2
Major vascular bypass
    Discharges (n)178193251257321
    Women (%)17.416.616.716.017.1
    45–59 years (%)21.413.57.614.419.6
    75+ years (%)32.627.523.917.915.6
    Hypertension (%)9.010.413.612.510.9
    Pulmonary disease (%)6.76.25.68.26.9
    Diabetes (%)5.16.28.08.65.6
Repair of unruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm
    Discharges (n)552530534548474
    Women (%)8.78.56.28.411.0
    45–59 years (%)7.36.84.95.56.1
    75+ years (%)32.130.433.228.134.8
    Hypertension (%)10.112.510.310.410.8
    Pulmonary disease (%)5.34.74.13.56.1
    Diabetes (%)1.32.53.02.02.3