Table 3

 Mutually adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from the fixed part of unordered multinomial multivariable model (using BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 as the reference) conditional on the random effects associated with primary sampling units, districts and states

Body mass index (kg/m2)
< 18.523–24.925–29.9⩾ 30
OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
State income inequality
Gini coefficient1.19 (1.03 to 1.37)1.09 (1.05 to 1.13)1.19 (1.04 to 1.37)1.21 (1.13 to 1.29)
Age (years)
    15–191.001.001.001.00
    20–241.15 (1.07 to 1.23)1.25 (1.05 to 1.48)1.44 (1.13 to 1.83)3.13 (1.16 to 8.43)
    25–291.10 (1.02 to 1.19)2.11 (1.79 to 2.48)3.09 (2.45 to 3.89)11.02 (4.20 to 28.95)
    30–340.96 (0.89 to 1.04)2.80 (2.37 to 3.30)5.29 (4.19 to 6.68)24.70 (9.44 to 64.69)
    35–390.88 (0.81 to 0.95)3.55 (3.00 to 4.20)7.47 (5.91 to 9.44)41.64 (15.90 to 109.02)
    40–440.90 (0.83 to 0.99)3.75 (3.15 to 4.45)9.12 (7.20 to 11.56)48.57 (18.51 to 127.42)
    45–490.88 (0.80 to 0.96)4.15 (3.47 to 4.96)9.76 (7.67 to 12.41)63.62 (24.21 to 167.18)
Religion
    Hindu1.001.001.001.00
    Muslim1.04 (0.98 to 1.11)1.22 (1.12 to 1.33)1.36 (1.24 to 1.49)1.66 (1.45 to 1.91)
    Christian0.81 (0.72 to 0.90)1.07 (0.95 to 1.21)1.13 (0.99 to 1.29)0.91 (0.73 to 1.14)
    Sikh0.97 (0.81 to 1.14)1.19 (1.04 to 1.37)1.27 (1.08 to 1.49)2.12 (1.78 to 2.53)
    Other0.80 (0.70 to 0.91)1.39 (1.19 to 1.61)1.42 (1.21 to 1.67)1.64 (1.28 to 2.11)
Caste
    Other1.001.001.001.00
    Scheduled caste1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)0.90 (0.83 to 0.98)0.80 (0.73 to 0.88)0.66 (0.56 to 0.78)
    Scheduled tribe0.98 (0.91 to 1.05)0.88 (0.79 to 0.99)0.78 (0.68 to 0.90)0.61 (0.46 to 0.80)
    Other backward class1.05 (1.00 to 1.10)1.00 (0.93 to 1.06)0.87 (0.82 to 0.94)0.78 (0.69 to 0.88)
    No caste1.17 (0.95 to 1.45)0.61 (0.36 to 1.02)0.84 (0.52 to 1.36)0.51 (0.16 to 1.67)
Marital status
    Married1.001.001.001.00
    Widow1.05 (0.97 to 1.13)0.97 (0.85 to 1.10)0.95 (0.84 to 1.07)0.79 (0.63 to 1.00)
    Separated/divorced1.11 (1.00 to 1.24)0.87 (0.72 to 1.06)0.89 (0.73 to 1.09)0.89 (0.61 to 1.31)
Education (years)
    01.001.001.001.00
    1–50.98 (0.94 to 1.03)1.17 (1.08 to 1.26)1.26 (1.16 to 1.37)1.34 (1.15 to 1.56)
    6–80.93 (0.88 to 0.99)1.34 (1.23 to 1.45)1.45 (1.33 to 1.58)1.70 (1.46 to 1.99)
    9–120.85 (0.80 to 0.91)1.39 (1.28 to 1.51)1.60 (1.47 to 1.75)1.74 (1.49 to 2.03)
    13–150.75 (0.66 to 0.86)1.41 (1.24 to 1.60)1.76 (1.56 to 1.99)1.86 (1.52 to 2.27)
    > 150.72 (0.57 to 0.90)1.44 (1.19 to 1.75)1.84 (1.54 to 2.19)2.26 (1.74 to 2.94)
Standard of living index
    Bottom quintile1.001.001.001.00
    Second quintile0.91 (0.87 to 0.96)1.27 (1.12 to 1.44)1.40 (1.18 to 1.66)1.52 (0.97 to 2.38)
    Third quintile0.86 (0.81 to 0.90)1.57 (1.39 to 1.76)1.95 (1.67 to 2.29)2.08 (1.38 to 3.13)
    Fourth quintile0.67 (0.64 to 0.72)1.80 (1.60 to 2.02)2.80 (2.40 to 3.27)3.44 (2.32 to 5.11)
    Top quintile0.53 (0.49 to 0.57)2.27 (2.00 to 2.56)4.32 (3.69 to 5.06)6.40 (4.30 to 9.51)
Occupation
    Homemaker1.001.001.001.00
    Non-manual0.85 (0.78 to 0.93)1.12 (1.01 to 1.23)1.00 (0.92 to 1.10)0.89 (0.77 to 1.04)
    Agricultural work1.05 (1.00 to 1.10)0.74 (0.68 to 0.80)0.53 (0.47 to 0.58)0.42 (0.33 to 0.53)
    Manual1.05 (0.99 to 1.12)0.84 (0.77 to 0.93)0.76 (0.69 to 0.84)0.65 (0.53 to 0.78)
Living environment
    Rural1.001.001.001.00
    Large city0.84 (0.75 to 0.95)1.54 (1.42 to 1.67)1.93 (1.72 to 2.17)2.89 (2.53 to 3.30)
    Small city0.85 (0.78 to 0.94)1.49 (1.36 to 1.64)1.78 (1.60 to 1.98)2.68 (2.31 to 3.12)
    Town0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)1.36 (1.27 to 1.46)1.58 (1.46 to 1.71)2.08 (1.82 to 2.36)
Parity
    No children1.001.001.001.00
    Children1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)0.99 (0.97 to 1.01)0.98 (0.95 to 1.01)
Smoking
    No1.001.001.001.00
    Yes1.33 (1.20 to 1.46)0.79 (0.65 to 0.96)0.69 (0.55 to 0.86)0.57 (0.34 to 0.96)
Drinking
    No1.001.001.001.00
    Yes0.86 (0.78 to 0.96)1.14 (0.95 to 1.37)0.81 (0.62 to 1.04)1.31 (0.82 to 2.08)
Chew tobacco
    No1.001.001.001.00
    Yes1.15 (1.09 to 1.21)0.77 (0.70 to 0.85)0.88 (0.79 to 0.97)0.61 (0.50 to 0.75)
Tuberculosis
    No1.001.001.001.00
    Yes2.13 (1.75 to 2.60)0.45 (0.27 to 0.77)0.40 (0.23 to 0.71)0.35 (0.11 to 1.10)
Malaria
    No1.001.001.001.00
    Yes1.12 (1.03 to 1.21)0.96 (0.82 to 1.11)0.84 (0.71 to 0.99)0.93 (0.68 to 1.27)
State economic development
PCCE0.96 (0.83 to 1.13)1.12 (1.09 to 1.16)1.18 (1.02 to 1.36)1.24 (1.19 to 1.30)